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# Index: E

$element, start element name (XML): 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
$expat, reference to XML::Parser object: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
e-commerce: 1.1.1. How CGI Is Used Today
echo command: 6.2.2. Format
  6.2.3. Environment Variables
ECMAScript, standardizing JScript/JavaScript language: 7.1.1. History
efficiency and optimization, CGI programs: 17. Efficiency and Optimization
  FastCGI, using: 17.2. FastCGI
  mod_perl, using: 17.3. mod_perl
  Perl techniques for: 17.1. Basic Perl Tips, Top Ten
Electronic Frontier Foundation, web site search: 14.4. Writing an XML Parser
element.focus(): 7.2.1.1. Validating elements
elements
  HTML
    generating with CGI.pm methods: 5.3. Generating Output with CGI.pm
      5.3.3. Standard HTML Elements
  HTML forms
    Embperl, creating automatically: 6.4.3.3. Form input elements
    generating with CGI.pm methods: 5.3.4. Form Elements
    name/value associations: 4.1. Sending Data to the Server
    validating with JavaScript: 7.2.1.1. Validating elements
      7.2.1.3. Validation example
  quoted, in email addresses: 9.2.1. Validating Syntax
  XML
    attributes, defining: 14.3. Document Type Definition
    character data, containing: 14.3. Document Type Definition
    tags: 14.3. Document Type Definition
else command: 6.2.2. Format
email: 9. Sending Email
  addresses: 9.2. Email Addresses
    overriding senders: 9.4.1. Command-Line Options
    validating (code example): 9.2.1. Validating Syntax
    validating syntax: 9.2.1. Validating Syntax
  mailx and mail programs: 9.5. mailx and mail
  Perl mailers: 9.6. Perl Mailers
    Net::SMTP module, sending directly through SMTP: 9.6. Perl Mailers
  procmail program: 9.7. procmail
  security: 9.1. Security
    false identities: 9.1.2. False Identities
    mailers and shells: 9.1.1. Mailers and Shells
  similarity to HTTP message format: 2.2.2. HTTP Headers
  spamjunk email (see spam)
  structure of Internet email: 9.3. Structure of Internet Email
email services, interprocess communication and: 14.1. Communicating with Other Servers
Embperl module: 6.4. Embperl
  bracket pairs for blocks of code: 6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks
  configuration: 6.4.1. Configuration
  embpcgi.pl CGI script: 6.4.1.3. embpcgi.pl
  escaping HTML generated by Perl blocks: 6.4.5.1. Embperl handler
  global variables, defining for HTML templates: 6.4.4. Global Variables
  Mason module component approach vs.: 6.5.1. A Component Approach
  meta-commands: 6.4.2.3. Meta-commands
  news, current headlines and articles (example): 6.4.5. Example
  tables, automatic contstruction of: 6.4.3. HTML Logic
  website: 6.4.6. Summary
EMPTY keyword, XML element definitions: 14.3. Document Type Definition
empty lists: 15.2.1. Use strict
enclosing final attribute, SSI: 6.2.7. Common Errors
encoding
  Authorization field characters: 2.3.2.4. Authorization
  content negotiation and: 2.6. Content Negotiation
  content negotiaton, support for: 2.6.3. Encoding
  forms
    application/x-www-form-urlencoded: 4.1. Sending Data to the Server
    multipart/form-data: 4.1. Sending Data to the Server
  space, separating query string arguments: 2.1.1. Elements of a URL
  specifying media type for HTTP request: 4.2.2. The <FORM> Tag
  tab-delimited data and end-of-line characters: 10.1.4. Delimiters
  URLs: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
    4.3. Decoding Form Input
encryption: 8.3. Encryption
ENCTYPE attribute: 4.2.2. The <FORM> Tag
__END__ and __DATA__: 17.3.2. mod_perl Considerations
END blocks
  mod_perl, treatment of: 17.3.2. mod_perl Considerations
  removing temporary filenames: 10.1.3.2. Named temporary files
end-of-file character, operating systems: 15.3.3. Running Scripts from the Command Line
end-of-line characters: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm
  (see also \\\\n; newlines)
  binmode function and: 13.2.1.1. binmode
  encoding/decoding, functions for: 10.1.4. Delimiters
  tab file delimiters and: 10.1.4. Delimiters
  translating to \\\\n: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm
end_html method (CGI.pm): 5.3.2.2. end_html
endif command: 6.2.2. Format
ending bracket pair: 6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks
ending HTML documents: 5.3.2. Starting and Ending Documents
entity tags: 2.4.2.5. ETag
environment, CGI: 3. The Common Gateway Interface
environment variables: 1.2. Introduction to CGI
  CGI, CGI.pm environment methods and: 5.2.1. Environment Information
  CGI scripts: 3.2. Environment Variables
    examples of: 1.2.1. Sample CGI
  %ENV hash: 3. The Common Gateway Interface
    3.2. Environment Variables
  %env_info hash, naming and describing with: 3.2.2. Examining Environment Variables
  generating with env_tmpl.cgi script: 6.3.1.1. Loops
  HTTP_prefix, http method and: 5.2.1.2. http
  HTTPS_, returning with https method: 5.2.1.3. https
  inserting into HTML documents with SSI commands: 6.2.3. Environment Variables
  less common CGI environment variables: 3.2.1. CGI Environment Variables
  secure servers, adding for secure connections: 3.2.1. CGI Environment Variables
  self_url method and: 5.2.1.5. self_url
  SERVER_PROTOCOL: 3.3.2. Complete (Non-Parsed) Headers
  servers, listing for: 3.2.2. Examining Environment Variables
  setting manually before running scripts: 15.3.3. Running Scripts from the Command Line
  SSI pages, available to: 6.2.3. Environment Variables
  standard CGI environment variables: 3.2.1. CGI Environment Variables
  tainted data, checking for: 8.4.1. How Taint Works
  web server administrators, adding to configuration files: 3.2.1. CGI Environment Variables
env.tmpl (HTML template): 6.3.1.1. Loops
env_tmpl.cgi script: 6.3.1.1. Loops
equal sign (=)
  name/value pair separator: 2.1.1. Elements of a URL
    15.3.3. Running Scripts from the Command Line
  parameters, passing without: 4.3. Decoding Form Input
error messages
  cgi_error method, returning: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm
errors
  500 Internal Server Error: 3.3. CGI Output
    3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
  400-level status code responses and: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
  CGI programs: 15.1. Common Errors
    application permissions: 15.1.1. Application Permissions
    Perl coding techniques for avoiding: 15.2. Perl Coding Techniques
    pound-bang (#!) line: 15.1.2. The Pound-Bang
  common, Server Side Includes: 6.2.7. Common Errors
  error messages
    CGI.pm objects: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm
    customizing: 6.2.4. Tailoring SSI Output
    redirecting to browser: 6.4.5.1. Embperl handler
      14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
      15.2.4. Trap die
    status codes and: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
  handling: 5.5. Handling Errors
    CGI::Carp module: 5.5.2. CGI::Carp
    die function: 5.5.1. Dying Gracefully
    error subroutine, exporting: 5.5.4. Custom Module
    subroutines: 5.5.3. Error Subroutines
  output to STDERR, handling by servers: 3.1.1.3. STDERR
  Perl and CGI scripts, preventing with strict module: 15.2.1. Use strict
  server error logs, checking: 15.3.2. Check Error Logs
  server status codes for: 2.4.1. The Status Line
  SQL submission: 10.4.2.1. Address book database creation script
  static HTML document for general errors: 3.4.1. Check the Client Browser
  system commands, checking status for: 15.2.2. Check Status of System Calls
  transfer errors in file uploads: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm
  XML::Parser module and: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
escape characters, functions for encoding in text files: 10.1.4. Delimiters
escaping
  @ prefix with backslash (\\\\) character: 13.5.4. Image Processing
  ~! (tilde escapes), mailx and mail programs: 9.5. mailx and mail
  backslash (\\\\), using: 10.1.4. Delimiters
  characters with quotemeta function: 12.2. Searching One by One, Take Two
  double quotes with backslash (\\\\): 5.4.1. Lots of print Statements
  HTML generated by Perl blocks (Embperl): 6.4.5.1. Embperl handler
  url_escape and url_unescape functions: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
ETag (entity tag) field: 2.4.2.5. ETag
eval function, evaluating user-specified regex: 12.2.1. Regex-Based Search Engine
event-based parsers: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
exclusive file locks: 10.1.1.1. flock
exec command: 8.2.4. fork and exec
  mail program, using with: 9.5. mailx and mail
  SSI: 6.2.1. Configuration
    6.2.2. Format
    exec cgi directive: 6.2.6. Executing CGI Programs
  system: 15.1.2. The Pound-Bang
ExecCGI option, disabling: 1.4.1.2. Configuring by extension
executable files, CGI scripts as: 1.2.2. Invoking CGI Scripts
execute bit: 10.1.2. Write Permissions
execute command, starting SQL query with: 10.4.1.3. Database querying
execution
  CGI programs
    creating separate processes for: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI
    disallowing while enabling exec command: 6.2.1. Configuration
    file locking and: 10.1.1.1. flock
    permissions, turning off for directories: 1.4.1.2. Configuring by extension
    world access bit, setting for: 15.1.1. Application Permissions
  combining with compilation in perl: 1.3.1. Why Perl?
  external applications: 6.2.1. Configuration
  HTML::Embperl module, Execute function: 6.4.1.1. Execute
  Perl CGI programs, delays caused by interpreter: 17. Efficiency and Optimization
existing solutions to problems, finding: 17.1.9. Find Existing Solutions for Your Problems
exit command, use with mod_perl: 17.3.2. mod_perl Considerations
expiration time, setting for HTML documents: 5.3.1.3. Caching
Expires headers: 13.2.1. An Example
Exporter module, exporting error subroutine with: 5.5.4. Custom Module
exporting functions: 5.1.3. Standard and Object-Oriented Syntax
expressions: 8.4.1. How Taint Works
  (see also regular expressions)
  simple, bracket pairs enclosing (Embperl): 6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks
  tainted values in: 8.4.1. How Taint Works
extensions, HTTP request headers: 2.3.2.8. Cookies
external applications
  calling: 8.2.1. Calling External Applications
    pipes, opening to: 8.2.1. Calling External Applications
  executing and including output in HTML documents: 6.2.1. Configuration

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