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# Index: C

$CGI variable: 10.4.2.2. Address book CGI script
  determining flow of control through CGI script: 10.4.2.2. Address book CGI script
$CGI::HEADERS_ONCE variable: 5.5.3. Error Subroutines
$CGI::POST_MAX: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm
  limiting user shopping carts with: 11.2. Hidden Fields
C language
  code in GD module, compiling with gd: 13.3.1. Installation
  code in perl modules, compiling problems: B.1.1. Installing Modules
  expat library: 14.4. Writing an XML Parser
caching
  compiled versions of code
    Apache::PerlRun module and: 17.3.2. mod_perl Considerations
    Apache::Registry module and: 17.3.2. mod_perl Considerations
  DB_CACHE constant: 12.3. Inverted Index Search
  disabling with header method: 11.3.2. Testing for Cookies
  discouraging with Expires header: 13.2.1. An Example
  image hijacking and: 3.4.3. Restricting Image Hijacking
  index, specifying size for: 12.3. Inverted Index Search
  intermediate proxies, problems with clearing: 2.5.2. Caching
  output, CGI scripts: 5.3.1.3. Caching
  requests and responses (HTTP)
    addressing problems with: 2.4.2.5. ETag
    proxies and: 2.5. Proxies
      2.5.2. Caching
capitalization
  CGI.pm method names: 5.2.1.1. Accept
  coding style guide, covering in: 16.2. Coding Guidelines
Carp module (see CGI\\Carp module)
carriage return and newline sequence (CRLF)
  differences in operating systems: 3.3.1.1. Outputting documents
  HTTP headers: 2.2.2. HTTP Headers
case sensitivity
  case-insensitive indexes: 12.3. Inverted Index Search
    12.3. Inverted Index Search
  case-insensitive searches: 12.1. Searching One by One
    forcing for fgrep with -il options: 12.1. Searching One by One
  CGI.pm and Perl methods: 5.3.3. Standard HTML Elements
  HTTP header fields: 2.2.2. HTTP Headers
  JavaScript variables: 7.4.1. Bookmarklet Basics
  request methods: 2.3.1. The Request Line
catalog page, shopping cart example: 11.2. Hidden Fields
Cc field (carbon-copy), email messages: 9.3. Structure of Internet Email
certificates (server and browser), information about: 3.2.1. CGI Environment Variables
cgi-bin directory: 1.2. Introduction to CGI
  cgi path in URL vs.: 1.4.1.1. Configuring by directory
CGI (Common Gateway Interface): 1. Getting Started
  3. The Common Gateway Interface
  advantages over alternative technologies: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI
  alternatives to: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI
  applications (see programs, CGI)
  disallowing execution while enabling exec command: 6.2.1. Configuration
  e-commerce, use in: 1.1.1. How CGI Is Used Today
  environment: 3. The Common Gateway Interface
  environment variables: 3.2. Environment Variables
    less common CGI environment variables: 3.2.1. CGI Environment Variables
    standard CGI environment variables: 3.2.1. CGI Environment Variables
  forms and: 4. Forms and CGI
    decoding form input: 4.3. Decoding Form Input
    HTML tags: 4.2. Form Tags
    sending data to server: 4.1. Sending Data to the Server
  history: 1.1. History
  Mason module and: 6.5. Mason
  middleware: 14. Middleware and XML
    communicating with other servers: 14.1. Communicating with Other Servers
    consolidating databases other than on Internet: 14. Middleware and XML
  NCSA Common Gateway Interface specification: A.4. Other Specifications
  output
    SSI parsing of: 6.2. Server Side Includes
  Perl language, advantages of using: 1.3. Alternative Technologies
  PUT and DELETE methods, not using: 2.3.1.1. PUT and DELETE
  scripts (see programs, CGI)
  web server configuration: 1.4. Web Server Configuration
cgi path in URL: 1.4.1.1. Configuring by directory
CGIBook::Error module, creating (example): 5.5.4. Custom Module
CGIBook::UserTracker module: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information
CGI::Carp module: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
  set_message: 5.5.2. CGI::Carp
  trapping fatal calls and redirecting messages to browser: 15.2.4. Trap die
  using with fatalsToBrowser: 6.4.5.1. Embperl handler
cgi_error method: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm
CGI::Fast module: 17.2. FastCGI
CGI.pm module: 5. CGI.pm
  14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
  automatic prompt for form values, versions without: 15.3.3. Running Scripts from the Command Line
  editing to use POST and query strings together: 5.2.2.2. POST and the query string
  file uploads, disabling: 5.1.1. Denial of Service Attacks
  form parameters, prompting for: 15.3.3. Running Scripts from the Command Line
  functions of: 5.1.2. The Kitchen Sink
  $HEADERS_ONCE variable: 5.5.3. Error Subroutines
  input, handling with: 5.2. Handling Input with CGI.pm
  Mason module vs.: 6.5.1. A Component Approach
  output, generating with: 5.3. Generating Output with CGI.pm
  raw_cookie method: 11.3.1. Setting Cookies
  script_name method: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
  standard and object-oriented syntax: 5.1.3. Standard and Object-Oriented Syntax
CGI::Pretty module: 5.3.3. Standard HTML Elements
character data, XML elements: 14.3. Document Type Definition
character sets
  content negotiation and: 2.6. Content Negotiation
  internationalization in content negotiation: 2.6.2. Internationalization
characters
  allowed in URLs: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
  converting hexadecimal values to (chr function): 2.1.3. URL Encoding
  encoded, Authorization field: 2.3.2.4. Authorization
  nonalphanumeric (parameters names), changing to underscores: 5.2.3. Exporting Parameters to a Namespace
  password fields, representing with asterisks or bullets: 4.2.3.2. Password fields
  required encoding in URLs: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
  special meanings in shells: 8.2.2. User Input and the Shell
  URL-encoded: 4.3. Decoding Form Input
Chart::PNGgraph module: 13.4.2. GD::Graph
charts: 13.4.3. GD::Graph3D
  (see also graphs; individual chart types)
  creating with GD::Graph modules: 13.4.2. GD::Graph
  three-dimensional, generating with GD::Graph3D: 13.4.3. GD::Graph3D
checkboxes: 4.2.3.4. Checkboxes
CHECKED attribute: 4.2.3.4. Checkboxes
  radio buttons: 4.2.3.5. Radio buttons
checking form data with JavaScript: 7.2.1.1. Validating elements
  7.2.1.2. Validating submits
  7.2.1.3. Validation example
  7.2.1.3. Validation example
checking permissions, CGI programs: 15.1.1. Application Permissions
checking server error logs: 15.3.2. Check Error Logs
checking status of system calls, error prevention and: 15.2.2. Check Status of System Calls
check_input, problems using with mod_perl: 17.3.2. mod_perl Considerations
checkout page, shopping cart example: 11.2. Hidden Fields
check_referer.cgi script (example): 3.4.3. Restricting Image Hijacking
checksums, entity tags and: 2.4.2.5. ETag
child processes
  creating with pipe connected: 8.2.4. fork and exec
  PID, checking: 15.2.3. Is It Open?
chmod command: 15.1.1. Application Permissions
client browsers (see web browsers)
clients
  content negotiation, performing: 2.6. Content Negotiation
  creating fully configurable in Perl: 14.1.3. LWP
  forbidding access to requested resources: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
  identifying: 2.5.1. Identifying Clients
  requests: 11. Maintaining State
  semi-automonous (JavaScript-enabled web pages): 7.3. Data Exchange
  validating data from: 7.2.1.4. Validating twice
client/server, communication between: 14.1. Communicating with Other Servers
closing tags
  CGI.pm methods, automatic generation of: 5.3. Generating Output with CGI.pm
  HTML elements not having: 5.3.3. Standard HTML Elements
  HTML::Template commands: 6.3.1. Syntax
code
  blocks of, enclosing with bracket pairs in Embperl: 6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks
  coding guidelines, CGI programs: 16.2. Coding Guidelines
  encoding text for URLs: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
  Perl, techniques for avoiding bugs: 15.2. Perl Coding Techniques
ColdFusion language: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI
collecting data (forms): 4. Forms and CGI
colon-separated list of file ids for index words: 12.3.1. Search Application
color, support by image file formats: 13.1.1. GIF
COLUMNS attribute: 4.2.5. The <TEXTAREA> Tag
comma-delimited flat text file: 10.4.1. Using DBI
command line
  arguments, reference to hash of: 12.3. Inverted Index Search
  CGI scripts, running from: 15.3.3. Running Scripts from the Command Line
  checking Perl syntax for errors from: 15.1.4. "Malformed" Header
  debugger (Perl), using from: 15.3.5.1. The Perl debugger
  options
    sendmail: 9.4.1. Command-Line Options
  options, handling with Getopt::Long module: 12.3. Inverted Index Search
commands: 1.2.1. Sample CGI
  accepting, forms: 4. Forms and CGI
  apachectl command (Apache server): 1.4. Web Server Configuration
  chmod (change mode): 15.1.1. Application Permissions
  debugging CGI scripts, summary of basic: 15.3.5.1. The Perl debugger
  executable files, creating on Unix: 1.2.2. Invoking CGI Scripts
  HTML::Template: 6.3.1. Syntax
    summary of: 6.3.1. Syntax
  locating perl, Unix systems: 15.1.2. The Pound-Bang
  ScriptAlias: 1.4.1.1. Configuring by directory
  SSI: 6.2. Server Side Includes
    syntax: 6.2.2. Format
  system
    checking status for error prevention: 15.2.2. Check Status of System Calls
    grep command: 17.1.8. Avoid the Shell
    open command: 15.2.2. Check Status of System Calls
    uptime command (Unix): 13.3.2. Using GD
commas, using as delimiters: 10.1.4. Delimiters
comments
  for bookmarklets: 7.4.2. Bookmarklets and CGI
  bracket pairs, enclosing in Embperl: 6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks
  code, developing guidelines for: 16.2. Coding Guidelines
  comment tags, inserting around style sheet code: 5.3.2.1. start_html
  in email addresses: 9.2.1. Validating Syntax
  HTML::Template commands, formatting as: 6.3.1. Syntax
  preceding with # (Apache server): 1.4.1.2. Configuring by extension
comments.cgi script (example): 7.4.2. Bookmarklets and CGI
communicating with other servers: 14.1. Communicating with Other Servers
  sockets: 14.1.1. Sockets
commute time (example)
  mixed graph of sample daily: 13.4.2. GD::Graph
  pie chart of sample daily: 13.4.2. GD::Graph
    outputting JPEG if browser doesn't support PNG: 13.5.2. Converting PNGs to GIFs or JPEGs
compatibility with browsers
  JavaScript bookmarklets: 7.4.1.1. Compatibility
  JavaScript problems with: 7.1.2. Compatibility
compilation, combining with execution in perl: 1.3.1. Why Perl?
complete (non-parsed) headers: 3.3.2. Complete (Non-Parsed) Headers
components, Mason module: 6.5. Mason
compression
  encoding: 2.6.3. Encoding
  GIF image files: 13.1.1. GIF
  image file formats: 3.4.1. Check the Client Browser
  lossy, use in JPEG: 13.1.3. JPEG
  PNG images: 13.1.2. PNG
CompuServe, creation of GIF image file format: 13.1.1. GIF
conditionals, creating in HTML::Template: 6.3.1.2. Conditionals
conditions, specifying for .procmailrc file: 9.7.1. Autoreply from nobody
config command (SSI): 6.2.2. Format
  6.2.4. Tailoring SSI Output
configuration
  Apache with mod_perl: 17.3.1. Installation and Configuration
  Apache::Registry: 17.3.1. Installation and Configuration
  CGI scripts, by web servers: 1.2.2. Invoking CGI Scripts
  Embperl module: 6.4.1. Configuration
  separation from primary code: 16.1.4. Separate Configuration from Your Primary Code
  servers, parsing SSI: 6.2.1. Configuration
  web servers, for CGI and Perl: 1.4. Web Server Configuration
confirmation to user, sent email: 9.4.1. Command-Line Options
connections
  to DBI databases: 10.4.1.1. Connecting to DBI
  server to browser
    closing: 11. Maintaining State
    staying open across multiple requests: 11. Maintaining State
  sockets listening for: 14.1.1. Sockets
constant module: 17.3.2. mod_perl Considerations
Content-base field: 2.4.2.1. Content-Base
content (HTTP messages): 2.2.1. The Request and Response Cycle
  separating from header with blank line: 2.2.2. HTTP Headers
Content-length headers: 2.3.2.2. Content-Length
  2.4.2.2. Content-Length
  POST requests and: 3.1.1.1. STDIN
content negotiation: 2.6. Content Negotiation
  encoding: 2.6.3. Encoding
  internationalization: 2.6.2. Internationalization
  media type: 2.6.1. Media Type
    2.6.1. Media Type
    (see also media types)
Content-type headers: 2.4.2.3. Content-Type
  3.3.1.1. Outputting documents
  CGI scripts, returning: 3.3.1. Partial Headers
  complete headers, including in: 3.3.2. Complete (Non-Parsed) Headers
  error status codes, returning with: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
  header method, returning with: 5.3.1.1. Media type
  malformed: 15.1.4. "Malformed" Header
  media types, specifying in: 2.6.1. Media Type
content types
  Accept method, evaluation of: 5.2.1.1. Accept
  files, Mason module and: 6.5.1. A Component Approach
  image/jpeg: 13.5.4. Image Processing
control structures (Perl), enclosing bracket pairs (Embperl): 6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks
converting PNGs to GIFs or JPEGs: 13.5.2. Converting PNGs to GIFs or JPEGs
Cookie header: 2.3.2.8. Cookies
  11.3.1. Setting Cookies
  11.3.1. Setting Cookies
cookies
  HTTP_COOKIE environment variable: 3.2.2. Examining Environment Variables
  maintaining state with: 11.3. Client-Side Cookies
    setting cookies: 11.3.1. Setting Cookies
    testing for: 11.3.2. Testing for Cookies
  restrictions on: 11.3. Client-Side Cookies
  Set-cookie field: 2.4.2.9. Set-Cookie
  storing unique identifiers in: 11. Maintaining State
cookie_test.cgi scrip (example): 11.3.2. Testing for Cookies
coordinates, changing for titles of GD images: 13.4.1.1. GD::Text::Align
copyright notice, displaying with image: 3.4.3. Restricting Image Hijacking
counters, access: 6.2.6. Executing CGI Programs
CPAN (Comprehensive Perl Archive Network): B.1. CPAN
  HTML::Template information: 6.3.2. Summary
  installing modules from: B.1.1. Installing Modules
  open source modules for Perl: 1.3.1. Why Perl?
  URI::URL module: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
create table command: 10.3.1. Creating a Database
  10.4.2.1. Address book database creation script
creating databases: 10.3.1. Creating a Database
  accessing and inserting data: 10.3.2. Inserting Data
CRLF (carriage return and line feed): 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI
  (see also end-of-line characters; newlines)
  operating systems and HTTP header requirements: 3.3.1.1. Outputting documents
CSV (comma separated values): 10.1.4. Delimiters
  10.1.5. DBD::CSV
  10.1.5. DBD::CSV
  10.4.1. Using DBI
current_time.cgi script (example): 6.3.1. Syntax
current_time.tmpl (HTML template): 6.3.1. Syntax
customizing SSI output: 6.2.4. Tailoring SSI Output
CVS and RCS, revision control systems: 16.1.1. Plan for Future Growth

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