## 12.4. Group Summary of sed Commands

In the following tables, the sed commands are grouped by function and are described tersely. Full descriptions, including syntax and examples, can be found afterward in the alphabetical summary.

### 12.4.1. Basic Editing

Command | Action
--- | ---
`a\` | Append text after a line.
`c\` | Replace text (usually a text block).
`i\` | Insert text before a line.
`d` | Delete lines.
`s` | Make substitutions.
`y` | Translate characters (like tr in Chapter 3, "Linux Commands").

### 12.4.2. Line Information

Command | Action
--- | ---
`=` | Display line number of a line.
`l` | Display control characters in ASCII.
`p` | Display the line.

### 12.4.3. Input/Output Processing

Command | Action
--- | ---
`n` | Skip current line and go to line below.
`r` | Read another file's contents into the input.
`w` | Write input lines to another file.
`q` | Quit the sed script (no further output).

### 12.4.4. Yanking and Putting

Command | Action
--- | ---
`h` | Copy pattern space into hold space; wipe out what's there.
`H` | Copy pattern space into hold space; append to what's there.
`g` | Get the hold space back; wipe out the pattern space.
`G` | Get the hold space back; append to pattern space.
`x` | Exchange contents of hold space and pattern space.

### 12.4.5. Branching Commands

Command | Action
--- | ---
`b` | Branch to label or to end of script.
`t` | Same as b, but branch only after substitution.
`:`label | Label branched to by t or b.

### 12.4.6. Multiline Input Processing

Command | Action
--- | ---
`N` | Read another line of input (creates embedded newline).
`D` | Delete up to the embedded newline.
`P` | Print up to the embedded newline.

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