## 10.4. Summary of Commands by Key

Emacs commands are presented next in two alphabetical lists. Tables list keystrokes, command name, and description. C- indicates the Ctrl key; M- indicates the Meta key.

### 10.4.1. Control-Key Sequences

Binding | Command | Action
--- | --- | ---
C-@ | set-mark-command | Mark the beginning (or end) of a region.
C-Space | (Same as preceding) | (Same as preceding)
C-] | abort-recursive-edit | Exit recursive edit and exit query-replace.
C-a | beginning-of-line | Move to beginning of line.
C-b | backward-char | Move backward one character (left).
C-c C-c | interrupt-shell-subjob | Terminate the current job.
C-c C-d | shell-send-eof | End-of-file character.
C-c C-u | kill-shell-input | Erase current line.
C-c C-w | backward-kill-word | Erase the previous word.
C-c C-z | stop-shell-subjob | Suspend the current job.
C-d | delete-char | Delete character under cursor.
C-e | end-of-line | Move to end of line.
C-f | forward-char | Move forward one character (right).
C-g | keyboard-quit | Abort current command.
C-h | help-command | Enter the online help system.
C-h a | command-apropos | What commands involve this concept?
C-h b | describe-bindings | What are all the key bindings for this buffer?
C-h c | describe-key-briefly | What command does this keystroke sequence run?
C-h C-c | describe-copying | View the Emacs General Public License.
C-h C-d | describe-distribution | View information on ordering Emacs from the FSF.
C-h C-w | describe-no-warranty | View the (non)warranty for Emacs.
C-h f | describe-function | What does this function do?
C-h i | info | Start the Info documentation reader.
C-h k | describe-key | What command does this keystroke sequence run, and what does it do?
C-h l | view-lossage | What are the last 100 characters I typed?
C-h m | describe-mode | Tell me about the mode the current buffer is in.
C-h n | view-emacs-news | View news about updates to Emacs.
C-h s | describe-syntax | What is the syntax table for this buffer?
C-h t | help-with-tutorial | Run the Emacs tutorial.
C-h v | describe-variable | What does this variable mean, and what is its value?
C-h w | where-is | What is the key binding for this command?
C-k | kill-line | Delete from cursor to end-of-line.
C-l | recenter | Redraw screen with current line in the center.
C-n | next-line | Move to next line (down).
C-p | previous-line | Move to previous line (up).
C-q | quoted-insert | Insert next character typed. Useful for inserting a control character.
C-r | isearch-backward | Start or repeat nonincremental search backward.
C-r | (none) | Enter recursive edit (during query replace).
C-s | isearch-forward | Start or repeat nonincremental search forward.
C-t | transpose-chars | Transpose two letters.
C-u n | universal-argument | Repeat the next command n times.
C-u C-x ( | start-kbd-macro | Execute last macro defined, then add keystrokes.
C-u C-x q | (none) | Insert recursive edit in a macro definition.
C-v | scroll-up | Move forward one screen.
C-w | kill-region | Delete a marked region.
C-x ( | start-kbd-macro | Start macro definition.
C-x ) | end-kbd-macro | End macro definition.
C-x [ | backward-page | Move backward one page.
C-x ] | forward-page | Move forward one page.
C-x ^ | enlarge-window | Make window taller.
C-x { | shrink-window- horizontally | Make window narrower.
C-x } | enlarge-window- horizontally | Make window wider.
C-x < | scroll-left | Scroll the window left.
C-x > | scroll-right | Scroll the window right.
C-x . | set-fill-prefix | Prepend each line in paragraph with characters from beginning of line up to cursor column; cancel prefix by typing this command in column 1.
C-x 0 | delete-window | Delete current window.
C-x 1 | delete-other-windows | Delete all windows but this one.
C-x 2 | split-window-vertically | Divide current window in two vertically, resulting in one window on top of the other.
C-x 3 | split-window-horizontally | Divide current window in two horizontally, resulting in two side-by-side windows.
C-x 4 b | switch-to-buffer-other-window | Select a buffer in the other window.
C-x 4 f | find-file-other-window | Find a file in the other window.
C-x 5 b | switch-to-buffer-other-frame | Select a buffer in another frame.
C-x 5 f | find-file-other-frame | Find a file in a new frame.
C-x a - | inverse-add-global-abbrev | Define previous word as global (mode- independent) abbreviation.
C-x a i l | inverse-add-mode-abbrev | Define previous word as mode-specific abbreviation.
C-x b | switch-to-buffer | Move to the buffer specified.
C-x C-b | list-buffers | Display the buffer list.
C-x C-c | save-buffers-kill-emacs | Exit Emacs.
C-x C-f | find-file | Find file and read it.
C-x C-l | downcase-region | Lowercase region.
C-x C-p | mark-page | Place cursor and mark around whole page.
C-x C-q | (none) | Toggle read-only status of buffer.
C-x C-s | save-buffer | Save file. (If terminal hangs, C-q restarts.)
C-x C-t | transpose-lines | Transpose two lines.
C-x C-u | upcase-region | Uppercase region.
C-x C-v | find-alternate-file | Read an alternate file, replacing the one currently in the buffer.
C-x C-w | write-file | Write buffer contents to file.
C-x C-x | exchange-point-and-mark | Exchange location of cursor and mark.
C-x Del | backward-kill- sentence | Delete previous sentence.
C-x e | call-last-kbd-macro | Execute last macro defined.
C-x h | mark-whole-buffer | Place cursor and mark around whole buffer.
C-x i | insert-file | Insert file at cursor position.
C-x k | kill-buffer | Delete the buffer specified.
C-x o | other-window | Move to the other window.
C-x q | kbd-macro-query | Insert a query in a macro definition.
C-x s | save-some-buffers | Ask whether to save each modified buffer.
C-x u | advertised-undo | Undo last edit (can be done repeatedly).
C-y | yank | Restore what you've deleted.
C-z | suspend-emacs | Suspend Emacs (use exit or fg to restart).

### 10.4.2. Meta-Key Sequences

Binding | Command | Action
--- | --- | ---
M-- M-c | negative-argument; capitalize-word | Capitalize previous word.
M-- M-l | negative-argument; downcase-word | Lowercase previous word.
M-- M-u | negative-argument; upcase-word | Uppercase previous word.
M-$ | spell-word | Check spelling of word after cursor.
M-< | beginning-of-buffer | Move to beginning of file.
M-> | end-of-buffer | Move to end-of-file.
M-{ | backward-paragraph | Move backward one paragraph.
M-} | forward-paragraph | Move forward one paragraph.
M-^ | delete-indentation | Join this line to the previous one.
M-n | digit-argument | Repeat the next command n times.
M-n C-x e | digit-argument; call-last-kbd-macro | Execute the last defined macro n times.
M-a | backward-sentence | Move backward one sentence.
M-b | backward-word | Move one word backward.
M-c | capitalize-word | Capitalize first letter of word.
M-C-\ | indent-region | Indent a region to match first line in region.
M-C-c | exit-recursive-edit | Exit a recursive edit.
M-C-o | split-line | Split line at cursor; indent to column of cursor.
M-C-r | isearch-backward-regexp | Incremental search backward for regular expression.
M-C-s | isearch-forward-regexp | Incremental search forward for regular expression.
M-C-v | scroll-other-window | Scroll other window.
M-d | kill-word | Delete word that cursor is on.
M-Del | backward-kill-word | Delete previous word.
M-e | forward-sentence | Move forward one sentence.
M-f | forward-word | Move one word forward.
(none) | fill-region | Reformat individual paragraphs within a region.
M-h | mark-paragraph | Place cursor and mark around whole paragraph.
M-k | kill-sentence | Delete sentence the cursor is on.
M-l | downcase-word | Lowercase word.
M-m | back-to-indentation | Move cursor to first nonblank character on line.
M-q | fill-paragraph | Reformat paragraph.
M-t | transpose-words | Transpose two words.
M-u | upcase-word | Uppercase word.
M-v | scroll-down | Move backward one screen.
M-x | (none) | Execute a command by typing its name.

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