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# Index: S

@subrelated, URLs related to first-level URL: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
SAX (Simple API for XML) style parser: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
scalar context, list context vs.: 2.4.2.4. Date
scalars
  variable data types in perl as: 1.3.1. Why Perl?
  WDDX data types and: 7.3.1. WDDX
scatter charts, creating: 13.4.2. GD::Graph
Schwartzian Transform, precalculating file modification times: 12.3.1. Search Application
scope
  variables, pragmas depending on: 6.4.2.2. Variable scope
  variables within code blocks enclosed with bracket pairs: 6.4.2.2. Variable scope
ScriptAlias command: 1.4.1.1. Configuring by directory
scripts, Perl CGI (see CGI programs Perl language)
scrolling boxes: 4.2.4. The <SELECT> Tag
  example: 4.2.4. The <SELECT> Tag
  multiple values, handling: 4.3. Decoding Form Input
search application for indexes: 12.3.1. Search Application
search engines: 12. Searching the Web Server
  CGI middleware and: 14. Middleware and XML
  fgrep command: 12.1. Searching One by One
  grep command: 12.2. Searching One by One, Take Two
  inverted index search: 12.3. Inverted Index Search
  LWP module, getting data from: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
  regex-based: 12.2.1. Regex-Based Search Engine
  resource data from, XML documents: 14.4. Writing an XML Parser
  XML-based (Netscape browser): 14.4. Writing an XML Parser
search form for What's Related CGI script: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
search strings: 2.1.1. Elements of a URL
  2.1.1. Elements of a URL
  (see also query strings)
searching for font repositories: 13.5.4. Image Processing
secure connections: 3.2.1. CGI Environment Variables
  (see also SSL)
  environment variables, adding for: 3.2.1. CGI Environment Variables
Secure Socket Layer (see SSL)
security: 8. Security
  browsers, trusting: 8.2.5. Trusting the Browser
  CGI scripts, configuration by file name extension and: 1.4.1.2. Configuring by extension
  data storage: 8.5. Data Storage
    dynamic filenames: 8.5.1. Dynamic Filenames
    file permissions: 8.5.3. File Permissions
    location of files: 8.5.2. Location of Files
  encryption: 8.3. Encryption
  exec command (SSI), risks of enabling: 6.2.1. Configuration
  fgrep command, passing through shell: 12.1. Searching One by One
  JavaScript restrictions, bookmarklets and: 7.4.2. Bookmarklets and CGI
  programs sending email, risks of: 9.5. mailx and mail
  sending email: 9.1. Security
    false identities: 9.1.2. False Identities
    mailers and shells: 9.1.1. Mailers and Shells
    spam: 9.1.3. Spam
  servers
    minimal access privileges of: 15.1.1. Application Permissions
  symbolic links, problems with: 1.4.1.1. Configuring by directory
  taint mode, using: 8.4. Perl's Taint Mode
  user authentication and identification: 3.4.2. User Authentication and Identification
  user data, passing through shell
    avoiding with -t option, sendmail: 9.4.1. Command-Line Options
  user input, handling: 8.2. Handling User Input
    strategies: 8.2.3. Security Strategies
  web security, importance of: 8.1. The Importance of Web Security
Select elements
  creating with Embperl: 6.4.3.2. List elements
  JavaScript support for: 7.2.1.1. Validating elements
SELECTED attribute, tag: 4.2.4.1. The <OPTION> tag
selecting data in databases: 10.3.3. Accessing Data
self-referencing hypertext links back to scripts: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
SelfLoader module: 17.1.6. SelfLoader
self_url method (CGI.pm): 5.2.1.5. self_url
semi-autonomous clients (JavaScript-enabled web pages): 7.3. Data Exchange
sender address, email messages: 9.3. Structure of Internet Email
sendmail: 9.4. sendmail
  command-line options: 9.4.1. Command-Line Options
  mail queue: 9.4.2. Mail Queue
  Mail::Mailer module, using with: 9.6. Perl Mailers
  mailx and mail programs vs.: 9.5. mailx and mail
Server header: 2.4.2.8. Server
  complete headers, including in: 3.3.2. Complete (Non-Parsed) Headers
Server Side Includes (see SSI)
SERVER_NAME environment variable: 5.2.1.7. virtual_host
SERVER_PROTOCOL environment variable: 3.3.2. Complete (Non-Parsed) Headers
servers: 2.3.2.4. Authorization
  (see also web servers)
  authorization requirements of: 2.3.2.4. Authorization
  buffering, handling (script for finding): 3.3.2. Complete (Non-Parsed) Headers
  certificates, information about: 3.2.1. CGI Environment Variables
  communicating with other: 14.1. Communicating with Other Servers
    sockets: 14.1.1. Sockets
  configuring to execute CGI application with user HTML document requests: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information
  content negotiation, performing: 2.6. Content Negotiation
  daemons, turning Perl CGI applications into: 17. Efficiency and Optimization
  document tree, excluding data files from: 8.5.2. Location of Files
  environment variables specific to, listing: 3.2.2. Examining Environment Variables
  error logs, checking: 15.3.2. Check Error Logs
  filesystems, using to control data file access: 8.5.3. File Permissions
  host name: 2.3.2.1. Host
  HTML form data, sending to: 4.1. Sending Data to the Server
  HTTP: 2. The Hypertext Transport Protocol
    user authentication: 3.4.2. User Authentication and Identification
  information servers: 7.3. Data Exchange
  Internal Server Error status code: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
  minimal access privileges of: 15.1.1. Application Permissions
  output to client, buffering: 3.1.1.2. STDOUT
  remote processes as: 14.1. Communicating with Other Servers
  request/response cycle: 2.2.1. The Request and Response Cycle
  response to HTTP GET request: 11. Maintaining State
  responses: 2.4. Server Responses
    11. Maintaining State
    headers: 2.4.2. Server Headers
    proxies, using for: 2.5. Proxies
  searching: 12. Searching the Web Server
    fgrep command, using: 12.1. Searching One by One
    grep command, using: 12.2. Searching One by One, Take Two
    inverted index, using: 12.3. Inverted Index Search
  SMTP: 9.6. Perl Mailers
    verifying email addresses: 9.2. Email Addresses
  SSI (see SSI)
  STDERR, handling output to: 3.1.1.3. STDERR
  users, running as
    file permissions and: 10.1.2. Write Permissions
  X Windows server, adding hostname or IP address: 15.3.5.2. ptkdb
Service Unavailable error messages: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
  3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
servlets, CGI vs.: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI
session identifiers
  get_id function, returning with: 11.2. Hidden Fields
  in hidden field: 11.2. Hidden Fields
  storing on client side with cookies: 11.3. Client-Side Cookies
sessions, user: 11. Maintaining State
set command: 6.2.2. Format
Set-cookie header: 2.4.2.9. Set-Cookie
setting cookies
  in redirection: 11.3.2. Testing for Cookies
SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm): 8.3. Encryption
  digests, producing with: 8.3.2. SHA-1
shadow_text.cgi script (example): 13.5.4. Image Processing
shared file locks: 10.1.1.1. flock
shells
  avoiding accessing to maximize performance: 17.1.8. Avoid the Shell
  email addresses, passing through as parameters: 9.1.1. Mailers and Shells
  external, Perl taint checking: 8.4.2. What Is Monitored by Taint Mode
  fgrep command, passing through: 12.1. Searching One by One
  user data, passing through
    avoiding with -t option (sendmail): 9.4.1. Command-Line Options
    dangerous characters: 8.2.2. User Input and the Shell
  user input and: 8.2.2. User Input and the Shell
shopping cart example
  maintaining state across: 11. Maintaining State
  subroutines for handling requests: 11.2. Hidden Fields
  utility functions: 11.2. Hidden Fields
signature (see boilerplates)
sign_petition.cgi script (example): 10.1.4. Delimiters
single empty tags, XML vs. HTML: 14.2. An Introduction to XML
single quotes around arguments, security and: 8.2.3. Security Strategies
site_perl directory, saving error module in: 5.5.4. Custom Module
SIZE attribute
  tag: 4.2.4. The <SELECT> Tag
  text fields: 4.2.3.1. Text fields
size, calculating for directories: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm
slowness, CGI applications: 17. Efficiency and Optimization
slurping, avoiding: 17.1.4. Avoid Slurping
SMTP protocol
  command to validate email addresses: 9.2. Email Addresses
  Mail::Mailer, using with: 9.6. Perl Mailers
  Net::SMTP module, using with: 9.6. Perl Mailers
sockets: 14.1.1. Sockets
  14.1.1. Sockets
  (see also SSL)
  identifying in host IP addresses: 14.1.1. Sockets
  IO::Socket module: 14.1.2. IO::Socket
  $socket instance variable, use as file handle: 14.1.2. IO::Socket
sort command
  execution within pipe, checking for: 15.2.3. Is It Open?
source code (CGI scripts), security risks from revealing: 1.4.1.1. Configuring by directory
spaces
  in email addresses: 9.2.1. Validating Syntax
  between HTML elements, CGI.pm and: 5.3.3. Standard HTML Elements
  indenting code with: 16.2. Coding Guidelines
  list element separation, eliminating in: 5.3.3. Standard HTML Elements
  plus (+) character, replacing with: 4.3. Decoding Form Input
  URLs
    encoding as + or %20: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
    replacing with plus (+) sign: 4.1. Sending Data to the Server
spam: 9.1.3. Spam
  falsifying sender identity: 9.1.2. False Identities
split command: 4.3. Decoding Form Input
spreadsheets, CSV data format in: 10.1.5. DBD::CSV
SQL (Structured Query Language): 10.3. Introduction to SQL
  accessing CSV-format data with: 10.1.5. DBD::CSV
  accessing data: 10.3.3. Accessing Data
  inserting data: 10.3.2. Inserting Data
  Oracle PL/SQL programming language: 16.1.6. Separating Storage from Your Primary Code
  queries: 16.1.6. Separating Storage from Your Primary Code
    passing to prepare command: 10.4.1.3. Database querying
    starting with execute command: 10.4.1.3. Database querying
  troubleshooting errors: 10.4.2.1. Address book database creation script
SRC attribute: 4.2.3.8. Image buttons
SSI (Server Side Includes): 6.2. Server Side Includes
  # in: 6.2.7. Common Errors
  access counters: 6.2.6. Executing CGI Programs
  boilerplate files: 6.2.5. Including Boilerplates
  CGI script execution, enabling to use exec command: 6.2.1. Configuration
  commands: 6.2. Server Side Includes
    6.2.2. Format
    environment variables, inserting into static HTML documents: 6.2.3. Environment Variables
    exec command: 6.2.1. Configuration
  enabling without enabling exec tag: 6.2.1. Configuration
  Mason module component approach vs.: 6.5.1. A Component Approach
  parsing CGI output, inability to: 6.2. Server Side Includes
  servers, configuring to parse: 6.2.1. Configuration
SSL (Secure Socket Layer)
  CGI programs and: 2.2. HTTP
  https connections using: 8.3. Encryption
stale responses, determining: 2.5.2. Caching
standard input (see input STDIN)
standard output (see output STDOUT)
standard syntax, CGI.pm module: 5.1.3. Standard and Object-Oriented Syntax
start tags (XML), defining handler for: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
starting and ending HTML documents: 5.3.2. Starting and Ending Documents
starting bracket pair: 6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks
state
  maintaining: 11. Maintaining State
    client-side cookies: 11.3. Client-Side Cookies
    hidden fields: 11.2. Hidden Fields
    query strings and extra path information: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information
    summary of techniques for: 11. Maintaining State
stateless (nonpersistent) HTTP requests: 11. Maintaining State
static documents
  HTML
    embedding dynamic text banners in: 13.5.4. Image Processing
    for web server response: 1.2. Introduction to CGI
    for general errors: 3.4.1. Check the Client Browser
  language and media type negotiation for: 2.6.2. Internationalization
static HTML documents, inserting environment variables into: 6.2.3. Environment Variables
static vs. dynamic resources: 1.1.1. How CGI Is Used Today
status
  Image::Magick, returning with method calls: 13.5.2. Converting PNGs to GIFs or JPEGs
  system calls, checking: 15.2.2. Check Status of System Calls
status codes: 2.4.1. The Status Line
  header method, specifying with: 5.3.1.2. Status
  printing: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
  redirection of client request: 2.4.2.7. Location
  specifying with Status header, CGI output: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
status headers
  CGI scripts, output: 3.3.1. Partial Headers
  CGI scritps, output: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
  common, description of: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
status line: 2.2.2. HTTP Headers
  2.4. Server Responses
  complete headers, including in: 3.3.2. Complete (Non-Parsed) Headers
STDERR (standard error): 3.1.1. File Handles
  output to, sending to server error log: 5.5.1. Dying Gracefully
  server error logs and: 15.3.2. Check Error Logs
STDIN (standard input): 1.2. Introduction to CGI
  3.1.1. File Handles
  GET requests, problems with: 3.1.1.1. STDIN
  tainted data, checking for: 8.4.1. How Taint Works
STDOUT (standard output): 1.2. Introduction to CGI
  3.1.1. File Handles
  buffering output to, header errors and: 15.1.4. "Malformed" Header
  CGI programs, printing to: 3.1.1.2. STDOUT
  Embperl module, use of: 6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks
stem.pl program: 12.3. Inverted Index Search
Storable module: 10.2.2. MLDBM
storage, separating from primary code: 16.1.6. Separating Storage from Your Primary Code
store.cgi script (example): 11.3.2. Testing for Cookies
strategic programming: 16.1. Architectural Guidelines
  directories, organizing projects with: 16.1.2. Use Directories to Organize Your Projects
strict mode: 1.2.1. Sample CGI
  mod_perl, use with: 17.3.2. mod_perl Considerations
strict module
  error prevention in Perl and CGI scripts: 15.2.1. Use strict
    restrictions, turning off: 15.2.1. Use strict
strings
  command-line options taking arguments, indicating: 12.3. Inverted Index Search
  double quoted, @ character in: 13.5.4. Image Processing
  format:filename string: 13.5.2. Converting PNGs to GIFs or JPEGs
  perl treatment of: 1.3.1. Why Perl?
structure, Internet email: 9.3. Structure of Internet Email
Structured Query Language (see SQL)
style guide topics, CGI application coding: 16.2. Coding Guidelines
style sheets
  HTML documents, defining for: 5.3.2.1. start_html
  XML documents, guiding browser display: 14.2. An Introduction to XML
Subject field, email messages: 9.3. Structure of Internet Email
submit buttons: 4.2.3.6. Submit buttons
  actions, specifying for CGI script to perform: 10.4.2.2. Address book CGI script
  flow, controlling with: 16.1.8. Using Submit Buttons to Control Flow
  image buttons, supporting as: 5.2.2.4. Supporting image buttons as submit buttons
  online music browser example: 7.3.2. Example
  validating form input: 7.2.1.2. Validating submits
    7.2.1.3. Validation example
subroutines
  array context and: 4.3. Decoding Form Input
  bareword vs. strict: 15.2.1. Use strict
  capitalization of, standardizing: 16.2. Coding Guidelines
  constants, defining as (mod_perl): 17.3.2. mod_perl Considerations
  declarations, bracket pairs enclosing (Embperl): 6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks
  display_whats_related_to_whats_related: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
  email addresses, validating: 9.2.1. Validating Syntax
  error handling: 5.5.3. Error Subroutines
  get subroutine: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
  get_whats_related_to_whats_related: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
    14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
  handle_start: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
  hiding with SelfLoader module: 17.1.6. SelfLoader
  requests, handling (shopping cart example): 11.2. Hidden Fields
  with same name, avoiding collisions of: 5.1.3. Standard and Object-Oriented Syntax
  strict rules for, using: 1.2.1. Sample CGI
  sub parse_form_data (example): 4.3. Decoding Form Input
  tainted variables, checking for: 8.4.1. How Taint Works
  URI::URL module: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
suffixes to words, removing: 12.3. Inverted Index Search
symbolic links, security problems with: 1.4.1.1. Configuring by directory
symbolic references, preventing with strict reference mode: 15.2.1. Use strict
symlinks, mapping web site content into the corresponding directories on web server: 16.1.2. Use Directories to Organize Your Projects
syntax
  CGI programs, checking: 15.3.1. Check Syntax
  email addresses, validating: 9.2.1. Validating Syntax
  invalid, web browser requests: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
  Perl, checking for errors: 15.1.4. "Malformed" Header
  SSI commands: 6.2.2. Format
  XML, simplicity of: 14.2. An Introduction to XML
system functions
  checking status for error prevention: 15.2.2. Check Status of System Calls
  commonly used: 15.2.2. Check Status of System Calls
  exec: 15.1.2. The Pound-Bang
system loads, calculating and graphing (loads.cgi script): 13.3.2. Using GD
systems, problems with output stream buffering: 15.2.6. Unbuffer Output Stream

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