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# Index: U

unbuffering output stream: 15.2.6. Unbuffer Output Stream
undef vs. (): 17.1.5. undef Versus ( )
underscores (_)
  filenames, replacing characters with: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm
  nonalphanumeric parameter name characters, replacing with: 5.2.3. Exporting Parameters to a Namespace
  use in Perl: 16.2. Coding Guidelines
Unicode-compliant data transport, XML: 14.2. An Introduction to XML
unique identifiers
  generating for sessions: 11.2. Hidden Fields
  in hidden field: 11.2. Hidden Fields
  inserting into HTML documents, module for: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information
  mod_unique_id module, building with: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information
  passing with HTTP requests: 11. Maintaining State
Unisys patent on LZW compression algorithm: 13.1.1.1. The LZW patent
Unix operating system
  binmode function, not supporting: 13.2.1.1. binmode
  ColdFusion language, versions for: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI
  commands to locate perl: 15.1.2. The Pound-Bang
  executable files, commands for: 1.2.2. Invoking CGI Scripts
  executables, differentiating in filesystem: 1.2.2. Invoking CGI Scripts
  file permissions: 10.1.2. Write Permissions
  forward slashes (/) separating directories: 12.3.1. Search Application
  Perl
    linefeed and carriage return, representing on: 3.3.1.1. Outputting documents
    speediness on: 1.3.1. Why Perl?
  sendmail on: 9.4. sendmail
  uptime command: 13.3.2. Using GD
  variables (see environment variables)
unsolicited bulk email (see spam)
untainting data: 8.4.3. How Taintedness Is Removed
  fgrep command search: 12.1. Searching One by One
untying hash tables from database files: 10.2.1. DB_File
update query screen: 10.4.2.2. Address book CGI script
updating databases: 10.3.4. Updating Data
updating HTML documents with links: 5.3.1.4. Specifying an alternative target
upload method (CGI.pm): 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm
UPLOAD_DIR: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm
uploading files
  handling with CGI.pm: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm
uppercase, use in request methods: 2.3.1. The Request Line
uptime Unix system command: 13.3.2. Using GD
  13.3.2. Using GD
URI module: 14.1.2. IO::Socket
URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers): 2.1. URLs
URI::URL module: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
url method (CGI.pm): 5.2.1.6. url
url_escape and url_unescape functions: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
URLs (Uniform Resource Locators): 1.1. History
  2.1. URLs
  absolute and relative: 2.1.2. Absolute and Relative URLs
  base for relative URLs in HTML documents: 2.4.2.1. Content-Base
  bookmarklets, JavaScript: 7.4. Bookmarklets
  breaking into components with URI module: 14.1.2. IO::Socket
  CGI scripts: 1.2.2. Invoking CGI Scripts
    calling from, self_url method and: 5.2.1.5. self_url
    pointing to with tag: 5.3.2.1. start_html
    specifying for receiving HTTP requests: 4.2.2. The <FORM> Tag
  components of: 2.1.1. Elements of a URL
    fragment identifiers: 2.1.1. Elements of a URL
    hosts: 2.1.1. Elements of a URL
    path information: 2.1.1. Elements of a URL
    port numbers: 2.1.1. Elements of a URL
    scheme (protocol): 2.1.1. Elements of a URL
  to embpcgi.pl script: 6.4.1.3. embpcgi.pl
  encoded characters: 4.3. Decoding Form Input
  encoding characters in: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
    URI::URL module: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
  forwarding users to with Location header: 3.3.1.2. Forwarding to another URL
  getting data from with LWP module: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
  image displayed for image button, specifying: 4.2.3.8. Image buttons
  invalid, 404 status code responses and: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
  IP addresses, problems with using in: 2.1.1. Elements of a URL
  last page visited by user (Referer field): 2.3.2.7. Referer
  manually constructed, passing parameters without equal (=) sign: 4.3. Decoding Form Input
  parameters, visibility in GET requests: 8.2.5. Trusting the Browser
  paths: 12.3.1. Search Application
    extra information, maintaining state with: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information
    mapping to CGI script directory on disk: 1.4.1.1. Configuring by directory
    passing unique identifiers as extra information: 11. Maintaining State
  query strings in: 2.1.1. Elements of a URL
    4.1. Sending Data to the Server
    4.3. Decoding Form Input
    5.2.2.2. POST and the query string
  redirection with redirect method: 5.3.1.5. Redirection
  related to current, looking up with Netscape browser: 14.4. Writing an XML Parser
  relative, advantages of: 16.1.3. Use Relative URLs
  of requested resources, changed: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
    3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
  specifying for tag: 5.3.2.1. start_html
  text, encoding: 4.1. Sending Data to the Server
  unique identifier embedded in: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information
  #USERID# as identifier for documents: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information
URNs (Uniform Resource Names): 2.1. URLs
use statement: 10.4.1.1. Connecting to DBI
use strict command: 1.2.1. Sample CGI
use vars statement: 10.4.2.2. Address book CGI script
user agent, creating with LWP: 14.1.3. LWP
User-Agent field: 2.3.2.5. User-Agent
user file, user names and encrypted passwords in: 2.3.2.4. Authorization
user registration form (example): 7.2.1.3. Validation example
user session: 11. Maintaining State
usernames: 2.4.2.10. WWW-Authenticate
users
  authentication and identification (script): 3.4.2. User Authentication and Identification
  email permissions, security risks of: 9.1.2. False Identities
  error information, limiting view of: 5.5.2. CGI::Carp
  input
    tainted data, checking for: 8.4.1. How Taint Works
  input from
    handling securely: 8.2. Handling User Input
    untainting: 8.4.3. How Taintedness Is Removed
  tracking: 11. Maintaining State
  web servers running as: 9.4.1. Command-Line Options

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